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Minoxidil/米诺地尔

Minoxidil/米诺地尔

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Minoxidil Structure
Minoxidil structure

Common Name Minoxidil
CAS Number 38304-91-5 Molecular Weight 209.248
Density 1.5±0.1 g/cm3 Boiling Point 351.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula C9H15N5O Melting Point 272-274 °C (dec.)(lit.)
MSDS ChineseUSA Flash Point 166.5±28.7 °C
Symbol GHS07
GHS07
Signal Word Warning

 Use of Minoxidil


Minoxidil(U 10858) is an antihypertensive vasodilator medication. Target: potassium channel Minoxidil, a potent antihypertensive agent, induces generalized hypertrichosis when administered systemically, or localized hair regrowth when applied topically to sites of severe alopecia areata. The pharmacologic mechanisms by which minoxidil stimulates hair growth are unknown. This study was designed to examine whether minoxidil has direct effects on neonatal murine epidermal cells in culture. In the presence of minoxidil, cultures showed a marked dose-dependent second peak of DNA synthesis 8-10 days after culture initiation. In addition, two morphologically distinct cell types appeared. Indirect immunofluorescence staining with keratin-specific antibody revealed cytoplasmic keratin fibers, suggesting the epidermal origin of these cells. Our experiments demonstrate that minoxidil can affect epidermal cells in culture by altering their growth pattern and phenotypic appearance [1] . Finite doses of minoxidil (2%, w/v) in formulations containing varying amounts of ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), and water (60:20:20, 80:20:0, and 0:80:20 by volume, respectively) were used. Minoxidil in SC (by tape stripping), appendages (by cyanoacrylate casting), and receptor fluid was determined by liquid scintillation counting. At early times (30 min, 2 h), ethanol-containing formulations (60:20:20 and 80:20:0) caused significantly greater minoxidil retention in SC and appendages, compared to the formulation lacking ethanol (0:80:20). A significant increase in minoxidil receptor penetration occurred with the PG-rich 0:80:20 formulation after 12 h [2].

 Names

Name minoxidil
Synonym More Synonyms

 Minoxidil Biological Activity

Description Minoxidil(U 10858) is an antihypertensive vasodilator medication. Target: potassium channel Minoxidil, a potent antihypertensive agent, induces generalized hypertrichosis when administered systemically, or localized hair regrowth when applied topically to sites of severe alopecia areata. The pharmacologic mechanisms by which minoxidil stimulates hair growth are unknown. This study was designed to examine whether minoxidil has direct effects on neonatal murine epidermal cells in culture. In the presence of minoxidil, cultures showed a marked dose-dependent second peak of DNA synthesis 8-10 days after culture initiation. In addition, two morphologically distinct cell types appeared. Indirect immunofluorescence staining with keratin-specific antibody revealed cytoplasmic keratin fibers, suggesting the epidermal origin of these cells. Our experiments demonstrate that minoxidil can affect epidermal cells in culture by altering their growth pattern and phenotypic appearance [1] . Finite doses of minoxidil (2%, w/v) in formulations containing varying amounts of ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), and water (60:20:20, 80:20:0, and 0:80:20 by volume, respectively) were used. Minoxidil in SC (by tape stripping), appendages (by cyanoacrylate casting), and receptor fluid was determined by liquid scintillation counting. At early times (30 min, 2 h), ethanol-containing formulations (60:20:20 and 80:20:0) caused significantly greater minoxidil retention in SC and appendages, compared to the formulation lacking ethanol (0:80:20). A significant increase in minoxidil receptor penetration occurred with the PG-rich 0:80:20 formulation after 12 h [2].
Related Catalog
Solvent
In Vitro:

DMSO : 4.6 mg/mL (21.98 mM; Need ultrasonic and warming)

Solubility
1 mM 4.7790 mL 23.8949 mL 47.7897 mL
5 mM 0.9558 mL 4.7790 mL 9.5579 mL
10 mM 0.4779 mL 2.3895 mL 4.7790 mL
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
  4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 6 months
  -20°C 1 month
Shipping Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere
SMILES NC1=NC(N2CCCCC2)=CC(N)=[N+]1[O-]
References

[1]. Cohen, R.L., et al., Direct effects of minoxidil on epidermal cells in culture. J Invest Dermatol, 1984. 82(1): p. 90-3.

[2]. Grice, J.E., et al., Relative uptake of minoxidil into appendages and stratum corneum and permeation through human skin in vitro. J Pharm Sci, 2010. 99(2): p. 712-8.

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 Chemical & Physical Properties

Density 1.5±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 351.7±45.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point 272-274 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Molecular Formula C9H15N5O
Molecular Weight 209.248
Flash Point 166.5±28.7 °C
Exact Mass 209.127655
PSA 91.16000
LogP -1.49
Vapour Pressure 0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction 1.724
Storage condition Store at RT

 Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
UV8200000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Pyrimidine, 2,4-diamino-6-piperidino-, 3-oxide
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
38304-91-5
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
0886240
LAST UPDATED :
199612
DATA ITEMS CITED :
21
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C9-H15-N5-O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
209.29
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T6N CNJ AO BZ FZ D- AT6NTJ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
200 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
REFERENCE :
AIMDAP Archives of Internal Medicine. (AMA, 535 N. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL 60610) V.1- 1908- Volume(issue)/page/year: 146,2075,1986
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
107 ug/kg/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - thrombocytopenia
REFERENCE :
AIMEAS Annals of Internal Medicine. (American College of Physicians, 4200 Pine St., Philadelphia, PA 19104) V.1- 1927- Volume(issue)/page/year: 92,874,1980
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
69 mg/kg/34W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - pericarditis Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)
REFERENCE :
WJMDA2 Western Journal of Medicine. (44 Gough St., San Francisco, CA 94103) V.120- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 143,527,1985
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1321 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,1,1977
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
759 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,1,1977
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
49 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,1,1977
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
>1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
BCFAAI Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. (Societa Editoriale Farmaceutica, Via Ausonio 12, 20123 Milan, Italy) V.33- 1894- Volume(issue)/page/year: 121,16,1982
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
560 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
BCFAAI Bollettino Chimico Farmaceutico. (Societa Editoriale Farmaceutica, Via Ausonio 12, 20123 Milan, Italy) V.33- 1894- Volume(issue)/page/year: 121,16,1982
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
51 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,1,1977 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
19950 mg/kg/95W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - changes in heart weight
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39(1),1,1977
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
13500 mg/kg/90D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in both tubules and glomeruli Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,59,1992
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration onto the skin
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1638 mg/kg/52W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - changes in heart weight Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,786,1992
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
1600 mg/kg/16D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39(1),1,1977
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
21840 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - other changes
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39(1),1,1977
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
3190 mg/kg/1Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - other changes
REFERENCE :
TOPADD Toxicologic Pathology. (c/o Dr. F.A. de la Iglesia, Warner-Lambert Co., Pharmaceutical Research Div., POB 1047, Ann Arbor, MI 48106) V.6(3/4)- 1978- Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,164,1989
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - pig
DOSE/DURATION :
640 mg/kg/32D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in sodium
REFERENCE :
TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1959- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39(1),1,1977 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
2080 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 17-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth)
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,774,1992
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
2080 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 17-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,774,1992
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
1320 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,756,1992
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
DOSE :
1320 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
REFERENCE :
IYKEDH Iyakuhin Kenkyu. Study of Medical Supplies. (Nippon Koteisho Kyokai, 12-15, 2-chome, Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150, Japan) V.1- 1970- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,756,1992 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X6163 No. of Facilities: 19 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 679 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 350 (estimated)

 Safety Information

Symbol GHS07
GHS07
Signal Word Warning
Hazard Statements H302-H315-H319-H335
Precautionary Statements P261-P305 + P351 + P338
Personal Protective Equipment dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves
Hazard Codes Xn: Harmful;
Risk Phrases R22;R36/37/38
Safety Phrases S26-S36
RIDADR NONH for all modes of transport
WGK Germany 3
RTECS UV8200000
HS Code 2933990090

 Precursor & DownStream

Precursor  3

 

DownStream  0

 

 Customs

HS Code 2933990090
Summary 2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

 Articles59

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 Synonyms

Regaine
EINECS 253-874-2
2,4-diamino-6-piperidino-pyrimidine-3-oxide
2,6-Diamino-4-piperidinopyrimidine 1-Oxide
Rogaine
4-Pyrimidinamine, 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-2-imino-6-(1-piperidinyl)-, (2E)-
MFCD00063409
Theroxidil
3-hydroxy-2-imino-6-piperidin-1-ylpyrimidin-4-amine
Tricoxidil
6-(1-Piperidinyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 3-oxide 6-(1-Piperidinyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide
Lonolox
(2E)-6-Amino-2-imino-4-(1-piperidinyl)-1(2H)-pyrimidinol
6-(1-Piperidinyl)-2,4-pyrimidinediamine 3-oxide (6-(1-Piperidinyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 3-oxide
2,6-Diamino-4-(piperidin-1-yl)pyrimidine 1-oxide
Alostil
Loniten
Minoximen
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